Lifetime Achievement Award

PRIM&R's Board of Directors has selected Ruth Macklin, PhD, to receive the Lifetime Achievement Award (LAA) for Excellence in Research Ethics in 2017.

Dr. Macklin's impact on the fields of bioethics and research ethics is considerable and far-reaching. She is a distinguished university professor emerita (bioethics) at Albert Einstein College of Medicine in the Bronx, New York. She retired from her full-time faculty position there in 2016 after 39 years of teaching. She received a BA with distinction from Cornell University and an MA and PhD in Philosophy from Case Western Reserve University.

Dr. Macklin is known for the rigor of her thinking, which she has applied through work both in the United States and abroad. Her numerous writings have deeply influenced the field of bioethics. She has authored more than 270 publications in professional journals and scholarly books in bioethics, law, medicine, philosophy, and the social sciences, in addition to articles in magazines and newspapers for general audiences. She is author or editor of thirteen books, including Against Relativism (1999), Double Standards in Medical Research in Developing Countries (2004), and Ethics in Global Health: Research, Policy and Practice (2012). Her work has covered wide-ranging topics for both academic and lay audiences, including HIV/AIDS, human reproduction, human subjects research ethics, health policy, and medical ethics.

Beyond her teaching and writing, Dr. Macklin has served in countless other influential roles. She is a past chair of the external ethics committee at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), served as chair of the Ethical Review Committee at UNAIDS, where she was also a member of the Global Reference Group on HIV/AIDS and Human Rights. She is a fellow at the Hastings Center, and a past president and past Board member of the International Association of Bioethics. She has been a consultant to the World Health Organization since 1989, having served on committees in the Department of Reproductive Health and Research and the HIV Vaccine program. From 2000 to 2016 she was director of "A Training Program in Research Ethics in the Americas" funded by a grant from the Fogarty International Center of the NIH. She has received many prestigious awards, including American Society for Bioethics and Humanities' Lifetime Achievement Award in 2002, the Hastings Center's Henry Beecher Award, and an award from the Global Forum on Bioethics in Research for contributions to progress in international research ethics, both in 2014.

Dr. Macklin's colleagues note her impact both on their own development and work and on the field as a whole. One shared that she is the type of dinner guest who can keep a person enthralled in conversation for hours; another noted that she "embodies the contribution that a serious philosopher can make to bioethics." She has spent decades challenging assumptions, provoking new ways of thinking, and promoting the rights of the vulnerable. PRIM&R is honored to recognize her extraordinary career and her contributions to the field of research ethics by awarding her the 2017 Lifetime Achievement Award.

PRIM&R's Board of Directors has selected Temple Grandin, PhD, to receive the Lifetime Achievement Award for Excellence in Research Ethics in 2017.

Dr. Grandin is a professor of animal science at Colorado State University. She is a speaker and autism advocate, and has done substantial consulting work for major fast food chains including McDonald's, Wendy's, and Burger King. She was instrumental to the development of new animal welfare guidelines for the meat industry. In addition, she has served as a past Board member for the Autism Society of America and has been an influential advocate for individuals with autism. Dr. Grandin received her PhD in Animal Science from University of Illinois for her work on the effect of environmental enrichment on the behavior of pigs. She earned her MS in animal science from Arizona State University, studying cattle behavior in squeeze chutes, and her BA is from Franklin Pierce College.

Dr. Grandin was the catalyst through which discussion of animals' experiences (whether in the slaughterhouse or the laboratory) entered the popular conversation among those who handle animals. In the words of Dr. Chris Newcomer, member of PRIM&R's Board of Directors:

Dr. Grandin is widely credited and visible for her unique insights into the animal's perception of the environment and her resulting seminal work on large animal facility and design, which has monumentally impacted the welfare of large agricultural animals in the U.S. and abroad. Although an appreciation for the animal's experience has long been held by small groups of proponents and practitioners, it has often been a background consideration, secondary to the issues of convenience, efficiency or other human needs in the management of animal welfare on an industrial scale. The sea change created by Dr. Grandin's work moved the animal's perception and animal welfare back into a primary consideration, improving the humane care of hundreds of millions of animals and restoring much public confidence in the caring stewardship of modern agriculture. Working from this base, Dr. Grandin has been an effective champion for research animal ethics in many other areas emphasizing the broad protection of the subject and the compassion and effective training of the animal experimenter/handler.

Dr. Grandin has published numerous works on autism and Asperger's, animal welfare, and livestock-handling best practices. She has written 13 books, including the New York Times best-seller Animals in Translation and the acclaimed The Autistic Brain.

Among her numerous awards, Dr. Grandin was named one of Time's 100 most influential people in 2010. She has received honorary degrees from Carnegie Mellon University, McGill University, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Duke University, and Emory University. She was inducted into the Cowgirl Hall of Fame in 2010, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2016, and the National Women's Hall of Fame in 2017. She was named a Beef Top 40 industry leader and an Honorary Fellow of the Society for Technical Communication. She received the Lifetime Achievement Award from the National Cattlemen's Beef Association in 2010, the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory's Double Helix medal in 2011, the World Organisation for Animal Health's Meritorious Achievement Award in 2016, and the Industry Advancement Award from the American Meat Institute in 2016. In 2010, she was the subject of the semi-autobiographical HBO film Temple Grandin.

At PRIM&R's 2009 IACUC Conference, Dr. Grandin gave a Henry Spira Memorial Lecture titled "Welfare Issues during Handling, Transport, and Slaughter." PRIM&R members can access a video recording of that presentation in our Knowledge Center. PRIM&R is thrilled to honor her impact and her remarkable career by awarding her the 2017 Lifetime Achievement Award.

PRIM&R’s Board of Directors have selected Bernard E. Rollin, PhD, to receive the Lifetime Achievement Award for Excellence in Research Ethics in 2016. Dr. Rollin is PRIM&R’s first Lifetime Achievement Award recipient from the animal care and use field, and, not surprisingly, has made considerable and influential contributions to that field.

Dr. Rollin brought the field of applied ethics to veterinary medicine nearly four decades ago and has prodigiously explored and influenced every dimension of veterinary ethics and the human animal relationship since. He is a creative, provocative, engaging, and even confrontational philosopher and educator who has shared his perspective and stimulated thought and discourse among diverse audiences—veterinarians, research personnel, the large- and laboratory-animal production industries, companion animal breeders, wildlife researchers, and the animal control industry. He is a prolific scholar, intent on ensuring that our actions and the regulatory framework for the consideration of animal issues reflect our moral and ethical commitments to animals.

Once rare and nearly invisible, Dr. Rollin moved “ethics” squarely and comfortably into the lexicon of veterinary medicine.

Dr. Rollin serves as University Distinguished Professor, professor of philosophy, professor of biomedical sciences, professor of animal sciences, and university bioethicist at Colorado State University. He developed the world’s first courses in veterinary medical ethics, ethical issues in animal science, and biology combined with philosophy. He served on the Pew National Commission on Industrial Farm Animal Production and serves on the Institute of Laboratory Animal Research (ILAR) Council of the National Academy of Sciences.

Dr. Rollin is the author of 17 books, including Natural and Conventional Meaning; Animal Rights and Human Morality; The Unheeded Cry: Animal Consciousness, Animal Pain and Scientific Change; Farm Animal Welfare; The Frankenstein Syndrome; Science and Ethics; and Veterinary Medical Ethics: Theory and Cases, as well as more than 600 articles. He has edited a two volume work: The Experimental Animal in Biomedical Research. For 20 years, Dr. Rollin has written a popular monthly column on veterinary ethics for the Canadian Veterinary Journal, and he recently published his autobiography, titled Putting the Horse Before Descartes.

Dr. Rollin has received numerous national and international awards, including the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) Humane Award (2007). He is a founder and board member of Optibrand, an animal identification company utilizing retinal images. Dr. Rollin is also a weightlifter, horseman, and motorcyclist.

The Board of Directors selected PRIM&R’s executive director, Joan Rachlin, JD, MPH, to receive the Lifetime Achievement Award for Excellence in Research Ethics.

One would be hard pressed to find another professional in the field of research ethics who has done more in the last 39 years to “disseminate” the ethical principles that govern research in this country. Ms. Rachlin’s career spans the evolution of the field of research ethics. She came to PRIM&R in 1975, a year after the passage of the National Research Act and the establishment of the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research. During her first decade at PRIM&R, the public was grappling with the revelation of the US Public Health Service Syphilis Study in Tuskegee, The Belmont Report was published, and human research regulations were advancing. During her second decade, significant amendments were made to the Animal Welfare Act, The Common Rule was adopted by 16 federal agencies, and the Radiation Experiments were exposed. During her third decade at PRIM&R, AIDS activists and cancer survivors radically changed the public’s view of human subjects research, from an ominous enterprise to be feared to a hopeful opportunity for saving lives. Ironically, the terrible tragedy of Jesse Gelsinger’s death also occurred during that decade, spawning widespread recognition of the urgency for effective education in research ethics and the responsible conduct of research. And during Ms. Rachlin’s fourth decade of service, the internet and other technological advances dramatically altered the way research is conducted, giving rise to new ethical problems that were difficult to accommodate within a regulatory framework developed in a previous century.

With near clairvoyance, Ms. Rachlin understood the need for research ethics education from the start of her career with PRIM&R. She organized PRIM&R’s first educational conference in 1977, and fueled by the events of these decades, never relented in her quest to offer more and better educational programming during each of the years that followed. Ms. Rachlin’s passion and leadership in developing and providing this education was singular. Through her extraordinary efforts, force of will, and commitment, PRIM&R came to fill a unique role in the emerging field of research ethics education. PRIM&R educational programs provide both ethics and practical tools for the application of ethical principles. In this manner, PRIM&R’s programs and membership services have had an extraordinary impact on the field.

It is not possible to describe in a paragraph the achievements of a lifetime, but here are a few highlights. Over the course of her tenure at PRIM&R, Ms. Rachlin planned and organized more than 200 conferences and educational events, as well as produced and distributed their proceedings. In collaboration with two of PRIM&R’s Board members, she produced a CD-ROM for research scientists, Investigator 101, the rights to which were acquired by the Office for Human Research Protections (OHRP) for distribution to every major academic health center and university in the country. Under Ms. Rachlin’s stewardship, PRIM&R developed its highly acclaimed educational programs, for both IRB and IACUC professionals, including IRB 101sm, IRB Administrator 101, and Essentials of IACUC Administration. She shepherded the development of PRIM&R’s two certification programs, the Certified IRB Professional (CIP^®) and the Certified Professional IACUC Administrator (CPIA^®) credentials, both of which have successfully certified thousands of research professionals contributing to excellence in their respective fields. One of PRIM&R’s accomplishments in which Ms. Rachlin takes great pride is the growth of its membership from a small group of 61 Charter Members in 1986 to the large and active membership community of today including more than 4,000 research professionals from around the world.

Ms. Rachlin’s work in research ethics education extends beyond PRIM&R. She played a seminal role in the creation of the Association for the Accreditation of Human Research Protection Programs (AAHRPP), the first voluntary accreditation program. She developed and launched WISH-net, a website for women and girls interested in, or already pursuing, careers in science and medicine. She served on the faculty of several colleges, where she taught women’s health, health law, and research ethics. Ms. Rachlin is a contributor to the well-known resource, Our Bodies, Ourselves, and serves on its Advisory Board. She is a past member of the editorial board of the journal, IRB: A Review of Human Subjects Research, and of Boston-area IRBs.

And then there are the achievements accumulated before her tenure at PRIM&R. Prior to her full-time commitment to PRIM&R, Ms. Rachlin practiced law, concentrating in the areas of women’s health, civil rights, and criminal and civil litigation. She holds a JD from the Suffolk University School of Law, and an MPH from the Harvard School of Public Health.

Anyone who knows Ms. Rachlin recognizes that her greatest passion is to build and nurture relationships, both professional and personal, with an eye toward improving society. She believes that advancement of any kind is achieved through networking, mentoring, collaborating, and celebrating. The PRIM&R community, which largely owes its existence to her efforts, is proud to celebrate Joan and her extraordinary achievements.

PRIM&R’s 2013 Lifetime Achievement Award was presented to Ms. Rachlin on November 9 at the 2013 Advancing Ethical Research Conference.

Ruth R. Faden

At the time of receiving this award, Ruth Faden was the Philip Franklin Wagley Professor of Biomedical Ethics; director, Johns Hopkins Berman Institute of Bioethics; professor, department of health policy and management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; and professor, department of medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine.

Dr. Faden is the founding director of the Berman Institute, and has taught what is believed to be the first public health ethics course in the country. She is also a senior research scholar at the Kennedy Institute of Ethics at Georgetown University. She is a co-founder of the Hinxton Group, a global community committed to advancing ethical and policy challenges in stem cell science, and the Second Wave project, an effort to ensure that the health interests of pregnant women are fairly represented in biomedical research and drug and device policies.

Dr. Faden has served on numerous national advisory committees and commissions including the President’s Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments, which she chaired, and which produced a comprehensive report of the experiments conducted by various US federal government agencies.

At the time of receiving this award, Dr. Faden’s research focused on questions of social justice in health policy and global health, including the national and global challenges in pandemic influenza planning and response, vaccine policy and funding, health systems design, and fair access to the benefits of global investments in biomedical research. She also worked on ethical challenges in biomedical science and women’s health.

Dr. Faden is the author, co-author, and editor of many books and articles on biomedical ethics and health policy, including Social Justice: The Moral Foundations of Public Health and Health Policy (2006); AIDS, Women and the Next Generation (1991); and HIV, AIDS and Childbearing: Public Policy, Private Lives (1996).

Dr. Faden earned graduate degrees from the University of Chicago and the University of California, Berkley. She is a member of the Institute of Medicine, and is a Fellow of both the Hastings Center and the American Psychological Association. She was the 2011 recipient of the American Society for Bioethics and Humanities Lifetime Achievement Award.

Tom L. Beauchamp

At the time of receiving this award, Tom Beauchamp was professor of philosophy and senior research scholar at the Kennedy Institute of Ethics at Georgetown University. He received graduate degrees from Yale University and The Johns Hopkins University, where he received his PhD in 1970. He then joined the faculty of the philosophy department at Georgetown University, and in the mid-1970s, accepted a joint appointment at the Kennedy Institute of Ethics at Georgetown. In 1975, he joined the staff of the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research, where he wrote the bulk of The Belmont Report (1978).

Dr. Beauchamp’s research interests include the ethics of human subjects research and animal care and use, as well as the place of universal principles and rights in biomedical ethics, methods of bioethics, Hume, the history of modern philosophy, and business ethics. At the time of receiving this award, he was conducting a study in collaboration with several other investigators, including Dr. Ruth R. Faden, which focused on the conceptual, moral, and policy dimensions of the distinction between research and treatment.

Dr. Beauchamp currently holds a National Science Foundation award to advance work in animal research ethics, together with a group of investigators headed by Hope Ferdowsian at The George Washington University. This project is centered on an analysis of the concept of vulnerability to harm, and the creation of an anatomy of potential harms from research interventions.

Another of Dr. Beauchamp’s priorities has been his participation in the development of a program in pharmaceutical ethics at the Eli Lilly Company. Lilly has been one of the first pharmaceutical companies to establish a standing bioethics committee, and Dr. Beauchamp has been involved in this initiative from its inception.

Dr. Beauchamp is the author and co-author of numerous books, including Principles of Biomedical Ethics (2008) which has become the standard book for medical ethics classes all over the world; The Human Use of Animals (2008); and Philosophical Ethics (2001). Many of his articles were republished in early 2010 under the title Standing on Principles: Collected Works (2010). Dr. Beauchamp has edited and co-edited numerous anthologies, journals, and books that span a number of distinct disciplines, including journalism and epidemiology, and he co-edited The Oxford Handbook of Animal Ethics.

Dr. Beauchamp is a 2011 recipient of the Hastings Center’s Henry Knowles Beecher Award. He was also the 2004 recipient of the American Society for Bioethics and Humanities Lifetime Achievement Award and the 2003 recipient of the Georgetown University Career Recognition Award. In 1994 Dr. Beauchamp received the McDonald-Merrill-Ketcham Memorial Award from the University of Indiana.

In 2009, PRIM&R's Board of Directors selected Dr. Jonsen as the recipient of its Lifetime Achievement Award for Excellence in Research Ethics, as his contributions to the field of research ethics have been significant and enduring over a long and illustrious career.

At the time of receiving this award, Dr. Jonsen was an emeritus professor of ethics in medicine at the University of Washington’s School of Medicine, where he was chairman of the department of medical history and ethics from 1987 to 1999. He was co-director of the program in medicine and human values at the California Pacific Medical Center in San Francisco.

From 1972 to 1987, he was chief of the division of medical ethics at the University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine. Prior to that, he was president of the University of San Francisco, where he taught in the departments of philosophy and theology. He received his doctorate from the department of religious studies at Yale University, and his earlier education took place at Gonzaga University in Washington, and at Santa Clara University in California.

Among Dr. Jonsen’s many honors are his service as a commissioner on both the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research (1974-1978) and the President's Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine (1979-1982).

He was elected a member of the Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences, in 1980 and he has served twice on its Council. He was chair of the National Advisory Board on Ethics in Reproduction (1991-1996), and a member of the National Research Council Committee on AIDS Research (1987-1992).

And the list goes on... Dr. Jonsen is a member of the Medical Advisory Panel, Blue Cross-Blue Shield Association (1986-present), and he has served on the Educational Commission for Foreign Medical Graduates, the American Board of Medical Specialties, and the National Board of Medical Examiners.

We’re not finished yet, though, as Dr. Jonsen has been a visiting professor at Harvard Medical School, Georgetown University, the Johns Hopkins Medical School, and the Maastricht Institute for HealthCare Ethics in the Netherlands.

He has also been a visiting scholar at the National Library of Medicine, NIH. From 1999 to 2000, he was a Visiting professor of bioethics at Yale, and in 2002, he was a visiting professor at the University of Virginia School of Law.

Dr. Jonsen has written widely on a range of topics relevant to bioethics. He authored Bioethics Behind the Headlines (2005), A Short History of Medical Ethics (2000), The Birth of Bioethics (1998), The New Medicine and the Old Ethics (1990), and Responsibility in Religious Ethics (1971).

He is co-author of The Abuse of Casuistry (1988) and Clinical Ethics (2006, 6th edition). He is co-editor of Source Book in Bioethics: A Documentary History (1998), and Bioethics: An Introduction to the History, Methods, and Practice (1997).

Dr. Jonsen has also written chapters in more than 70 books on medicine and health care. His articles have appeared in the New England Journal of Medicine, the Journal of the American Medical Association, the Journal of Pediatrics, the Annals of Internal Medicine, the Journal of Medicine and Philosophy, the Hastings Center Report, the Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics, the Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal, and many other journals.

Dr. Jonsen has previously been honored with the McGovern Award of the American Osler Society, the Annual Award of the Society for Health and Human Values, the Davies Award of the American College of Physicians, the Lifetime Achievement Award of the American Association of Bioethics and Humanities, and a John Simon Guggenheim Fellowship.

On December 4, at the 2005 Annual HRPP Conference, PRIM&R leadership was honored and thrilled to present the 2005 Lifetime Achievement Award for Excellence in Research Ethics to Robert J. Levine, MD, for his leadership, his scholarship, and his many other achievements in the field.

Dr. Levine, known simply as “Bob” to his many friends both within PRIM&R and throughout the bioethics world, has been a Professor of Medicine and a Lecturer in Pharmacology at Yale University School of Medicine since 1973, having first arrived at Yale in 1962 as an instructor in medicine. His career at Yale has been long and distinguished, and he has been both a respected teacher and a cherished mentor to many students and colleagues alike. While at Yale, Dr. Levine chaired the Institutional Review Board (IRB) at Yale-New Haven Medical Center for over 30 years, served as Chief of the Section of Clinical Pharmacology, and is presently the Director of the Law, Policy and Ethics Core of Yale University’s Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS. He is also the Co-Chair of the Executive Committee of Yale’s Interdisciplinary Bioethics Project.

Dr. Levine has been on the PRIM&R Board of Directors since 1986, and, for almost all of those years, has been a member of the small but stalwart planning committees that organize PRIM&R’s conferences. In addition to his inexhaustible knowledge of the issues, Dr. Levine has been our very own version of a one man band; he has not only helped plan the meetings, identified and recruited many of the faculty, given many of the talks, moderated many of the panels and debates, and edited the conference proceedings, but has also served as one of our surest guides to PRIM&R’s professional galaxy.

Dr. Levine’s CV is long and impressive, and his accomplishments numerous. Highlights include his past service as a consultant to several federal and international agencies involved in the development of policy for the protection of human subjects, including the National Commission on the Protection of Human Subjects. Dr. Levine was the founding editor of IRB: A Review of Human Subjects Research, and served as that publication’s editor from 1979 to 2000. He is currently the Chair of its Editorial Board. He is presently preparing the third edition of his book, Ethics and Regulation of Clinical Research , which is a seminal resource for those who conduct and/or review research with human subjects.

Dr. Levine has also served over fifty other organizations including The Hastings Center, the American Society of Law, Medicine and Ethics, the Connecticut Humanities Council, the Society of Bioethics Consultation, the World Association of Medical Editors, and the Bayer Institute for Health Care Communications.

In addition, Dr. Levine has served on the Council of International Organizations of Medical Sciences
(CIOMS) as Chair of the Steering Committee for Revision of International Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research. He was the Chair for the Working Group for Revision of the Declaration of Helsinki at the World Medical Association. He has also served on the Ethics Committee at the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, as well as on the Human Subjects Research Council Workgroup of the National Institute of Mental Health. He participated in the Project on Ethics in HIV Vaccine Trials for the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), and consulted on the Programme’s development of their Guidance Document for trials of preventive HIV vaccines. He was also a part of the Pan American Health Organization’s International Bioethics Advisory Board.

Dr. Levine’s contributions to protecting human subjects could fill volumes and, in fact, have! During his illustrious career, Dr. Levine’s research, teaching, and publications have all been an essential part of the canon for those involved with human subjects research, and he was selected for the Lifetime Achievement Award for Excellence in Research Ethics as a result of these both wide and deep accomplishments. Researcher, clinician, teacher, writer, mentor, “testifier,” commentator, advocate, policy expert, chair of more IRB meetings than anyone can count, and always, a cherished friend to PRIM&R.

We might get bleary-eyed reading such a catalogue of achievements, but Dr. Levine never seems to tire of his globe-trotting quest to make research ethics a more principled and accessible endeavor. He is a very kind, very patient, very calm, very generous, and very smart man, and it is an honor and a privilege to bestow this Award upon him.

PRIM&R, and all those who know Bob, salute him, thank him, and look forward to many more years of our shared commitment to protecting those who participate as human subjects in research.

In conjunction with PRIM&R’s December 2003 presentation to Dr. Charles McCarthy of its Lifetime Achievement Award for Excellence in Research Ethics, the Board of Directors thought it would be fitting to gather and compile Dr. McCarthy’s writings. Dr. McCarthy was only the second recipient of that Award, which honors those who have, over an extended period of time, made a major contribution to the ethics that govern research. Such a “major contribution” could include scholarship, administration, and/or leadership. Dr. McCarthy’s contributions include all three.

Dr. McCarthy has dedicated his professional life to the protection of human and animal subjects, and has done so with distinction and unparalleled commitment. As the longest serving Director of the Office for Protection from Research Risks (OPRR), he played a seminal role in the development of sound and reasoned regulations and guidelines for IRB operations. The continued responsiveness of OPRR to the changing environment of human subjects research was due in large part to his initiatives.

When Dr. McCarthy retired from OPRR, PRIM&R elected him to its board of directors, recognizing the contribution he would make to our work. As anticipated, Charlie has become crucial to almost everything we have done by serving as an officer, by chairing our key committees, and by continuing to contribute to PRIM&R meetings as keynote speaker, panelist, and workshop leader. He has worked tirelessly, not only with us, but also with Virginia Commonwealth University, where his leadership on IRB issues has been similarly invaluable.

Charlie’s (no one else in the research ethics field is known by only one name!) singular and enormous contributions to our shared work have left an indelible, and indelibly constructive, mark on every aspect of an IRB’s and IACUC’s work. His wisdom, common sense, fairness, and reservoir of compassion have all made the difference between the mere development of a field and the establishment of a noble calling to protect those who participate as subjects of research.

Charlie has been a peacemaker, a bridge builder, and a mentor to so many of us. Both his teaching and his example have helped IRBs, IACUCs, regulators, institutional officials, subject advocates, ethicists, industry representatives, journalists, attorneys, and all others who are stakeholders in the research protection enterprise.

We are therefore proud to share this anthology of Charlie’s writings as a tribute to, and in gratitude for, his life and his work. Also between these pages is our everlasting respect and admiration for Charlie’s monumental contribution to the field of research ethics.

On December 3, 2001, at the 2001 Annual IRB Conference, PRIM&R awarded its first Lifetime Achievement Award for Excellence in Research Ethics to Dr. Jay Katz, author of "Experimentation with Human Beings". To further honor Dr. Katz, PRIM&R presented him with a bound collection of his writings. This 750-page book, entitled, "Collected Writings of Jay Katz," includes 705 pages of 48 journal articles, book chapters, and academic works. These works spanned a broad range of medical and research ethics topics and were written over a 39-year period.

Dr. Robert Levine, in presenting the award to Dr. Katz, stated that the great contributors to the field of ethics are those who "have mastered the large body of information; have applied sound analytical methods to the resolution of particular problems and sound critical methods to the resolutions proposed by themselves or others; have synthesized their findings and those of others into new comprehensive accounts of the field; and have effectively communicated the fruits of their efforts to others." He concluded that Jay Katz’s "work in research ethics exemplifies all of the features of a great contributor to the field."

Joan Rachlin, Executive Director of PRIM&R, noted that "Jay Katz is not only the founder and father of the research ethics field, but has been its moral compass since the publication of his groundbreaking book in 1972."